Ouidah in Benin can be described as a large-scale history museum, with numerous historical relics distributed throughout the city, detailing the history of the slave trade during the colonial era and the local traditional Voodoo culture. · Ouidah History Museum (Musée d'Histoire de Ouidah, Figures 2-4): Originally a fortress built by Portuguese colonizers, the museum displays a large number of historical artifacts from the slave trade period. The square at the entrance was once a slave market and is also the starting point of the famous "Slave Route." · "Door of No Return" and "Door of Return" (Figure 5): Standing at the original slave transit dock by the sea, these mark the end of the "Slave Route." The Door of No Return symbolizes that slaves "once passing through this door, never return," while the Door of Return symbolizes "the souls of slaves returning to their homeland." · Python Temple (Temple du Python, Figures 6-7): In the local Voodoo tradition, pythons are considered sacred animals and messengers of peace and wisdom. The temple houses dozens of pythons, which are non-venomous and have had their teeth removed. Visitors can have pythons wrapped around their necks for photos. · Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception (L'Immaculée Conception, Figures 8-9): Built during the French Dahomey period, it marks the official establishment of Catholicism on this land devoted to Voodoo, signifying that colonial rule had established a stable government here. · In Ouidah Ancient City, there are also several small museums and art galleries scattered around, and Voodoo sculptures can be seen everywhere along the streets (Figures 10-12). Here, visitors can deeply experience the rich historical heritage and the unique atmosphere of cultural fusion.

Ouidah is located on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in southern Benin, 40 kilometers east of Cotonou, and is one of the major cities in Benin. From the 16th to the 18th century, it became the largest slave export port along the Gulf of Guinea, alongside Ivory Coast's "Ivory Coast" and Ghana's "Gold Coast," known as the three major slave trade ports in West Africa. The existing "Door of No Return" monument group and the 4-kilometer-long "Slave Route" fully preserve the historical relics of the black slave trade. As the birthplace of Vodun and the location of the contemporary African art museum, the city combines religious cultural characteristics with modern art exhibitions. Figures 1-4: The "Door of No Return" in Ouidah, Benin, is a historical witness to the West African slave trade, located on the coast of Ouidah, the capital of the Atlantic Department of Benin, facing the Atlantic Ocean. This arch is made of concrete and bronze, with towering shapes and carved details depicting scenes of slaves being bound and loaded onto ships. The sides are engraved with images of shackled corpses, symbolizing the cruel fate of slaves embarking on the road of no return. Figure 5: The first Catholic church in Benin Figures 6-8: In Ouidah, there is a temple dedicated to pythons—the Python Temple (Temple de Python). It is not only part of the "Slave Route" World Heritage but also allows visitors to touch these pythons, offering a unique cultural interaction experience. Figures 9-10: Ouidah Art Museum Figures 11-14: Ouidah Waterfront Figures 15-20: Ganvie Water Village

Ganvie Water Village attracts tourists from around the world with its unique lake scenery and typical African-style water "lofts." As the people of Benin say: If you haven't been to the water village, you haven't truly been to Benin. Ganvie Water Village is located on Lake Nokoué, 8 kilometers northwest of Cotonou, the largest city in the Republic of Benin. It is the largest water-based residential area in Africa. The village was established in the early 17th century. At that time, the residents around Ganvie were under the jurisdiction of the southern Arada Kingdom. The central Benin Kingdom of Abomey was growing stronger and frequently invaded southward. To escape the powerful northern enemy, the residents of Ganvie moved to live on the lake. Since the soldiers of the Abomey Kingdom could not swim and dared not enter the lake area, the villagers found peace. Thus, they lived on the water for generations, eventually becoming water residents. The Republic of Benin has more than 30 water villages, with Ganvie Water Village being the largest. Its unique water house architecture and the residents' original and simple water-based lifestyle attract European and American tourists who are tired of living in high-rise buildings and the hustle and bustle of city life, offering them a refreshing experience. To develop tourism in the water village, the Benin government allocated funds to add yachts, established hotels and restaurants at the docks, and set up watercraft shops and water bars in the village. This not only made Ganvie Water Village one of the top six famous scenic spots in Benin but also turned it into a tourist destination in West Africa.

Porto-Novo and Abomey are two important cities in Benin, serving as the administrative capital and the historical cultural center, respectively. Porto-Novo is the official capital of Benin and the location of government institutions; Abomey is a historic cultural city in Benin, famous for the Royal Palace of Abomey. Porto-Novo is the official capital of Benin, but the actual administrative center is located in Cotonou, where many government institutions remain. Abomey was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Dahomey in Benin, known for the Royal Palace of Abomey (a World Cultural Heritage site). Figures 1-4 show the Portuguese Cathedral in Porto-Novo, built during the Portuguese colonial period by enslaved Africans taken by colonizers, with a history of several hundred years. As a representative colonial-era building, it not only reflects the architectural craftsmanship of the time but also carries Benin’s historical memory from the colonial era. It is an important physical resource for studying the fusion of West African colonial architecture and culture. Figures 9-10 depict the venue where Vodun religious ceremonies are held. Figures 11-13 show the Royal Palace of Abomey (Palais Royal d'Abomey), which was the residence of successive kings of the Kingdom of Dahomey (present-day Benin). Built in the 17th century, it is an important relic of West African ancient kingdom architecture and culture. Figures 15-19 display the Abomey Royal Palace Museum, which houses a large collection of royal artifacts such as ritual items and murals, making it an important place for studying Benin’s history. Figure 20 features a statue of Behanzin, the last king of the Kingdom of Dahomey (present-day Benin). Born in Abomey’s royal family in 1844 and ascending the throne in 1889, he was a national hero who resisted French colonial invasion. As a symbol of Benin’s national spirit, this statue not only commemorates Behanzin’s struggle for national independence but also serves as an important carrier for the Beninese people to inherit patriotism and remember history. It is located in Goho Square in the center of Abomey and is a significant historical and cultural landmark in Benin.

Ouidah is located on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in southern Benin, 40 kilometers east of Cotonou, and is one of Benin's major cities. From the 16th to the 18th century, the city became the largest slave export port along the Gulf of Guinea, and was known as one of the three major slave trade ports in West Africa, alongside Côte d'Ivoire's "Ivory Coast" and Ghana's "Gold Coast". Figures 1-4, Door of No Return: A monument built by UNESCO in 1995, marking the coastline from which enslaved people departed. Slave Route: A 4-kilometer long red dirt road connecting the History Museum and the Door of No Return. Figures 5-7, Temple of Pythons: Residents view pythons as a symbol of fertility, and a temple housing hundreds of pythons has been built. Figures 8-9, Ouidah Art Museum Figures 11-14, Ouidah Beach Figures 15-20, Ganvié Stilt Village

Transportation Guide · External Transportation: You can fly to Cotonou International Airport, which connects to major cities in Africa and Europe. · Internal Transportation: The main modes of transportation within the city are motorcycle taxis and auto-rickshaws. These are relatively inexpensive, but be mindful of safety. Cotonou also has long-distance bus stations and stops for cross-border tourist buses. Attractions · Amazon Statue: Located in Amazon Square, this statue commemorates the Dahomey Amazons in Benin's history. The statue is powerful, and there's a graffiti wall nearby that you can visit. · Ganvié: Known as the "Venice of Africa," people live, work, and trade on the water here. The unique aquatic lifestyle and architectural landscape make it a photographer's paradise. · Benin National Museum: The museum houses a large collection of artifacts and artworks related to Benin's history and culture, offering insights into the country's past, including the history of the slave trade and local traditional arts. Food Recommendations · Akara: A fried snack made from black-eyed peas or broad beans, usually served with tomato sauce or chili sauce. It has a crispy texture and delicious flavor. · Grilled Corn: A common street food, corn on the cob is grilled over charcoal and sprinkled with salt, pepper, and other seasonings. It's sweet and savory. · Palm Wine: A local specialty drink made from fermented palm tree sap. It has a sweet taste and a moderate alcohol content.

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