Kaliningrad is a Russian exclave.

Population is less than one million, it borders Lithuania and Poland, and is not connected to mainland Russia. Local residents can generally only travel to Russia by ship or plane. If they choose to travel by land, they must pass through Lithuania and Belarus. For land transportation from Russia to Kaliningrad, EU certification is required. This place originally belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia, later became German territory, and after Germany's defeat in World War II, it was ceded to the Soviet Union. Nowadays, there is no visible history of German rule here, because many old buildings were destroyed in World War II, and only a few restored churches remain. Kaliningrad is the most economically backward region in the Nordic and Baltic Sea region. In order to promote the economy, Russia has designated it as an economic special zone, exempting import tariffs and attracting foreign investment to set up factories.