The Kingdo
The Kingdom of Bhutan: Land of the Thunder Dragon
Bhutan is a small, landlocked country nestled in the Eastern Himalayas, known for its stunning natural beauty, unique culture, and pioneering philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH).
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Key Facts at a Glance
· Official Name: Kingdom of Bhutan (Druk Yul in Dzongkha)
· Capital: Thimphu
· Population: Approximately 770,000
· Official Language: Dzongkha
· Religion: Vajrayana Buddhism (state religion)
· King: His Majesty Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
· Currency: Ngultrum (BTN), pegged to the Indian Rupee.
· Famous For: Gross National Happiness (GNH), Tiger's Nest Monastery (Paro Taktsang), pristine environment, and unique architecture.
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Gross National Happiness (GNH)
This is Bhutan's most famous contribution to the world. Instead of measuring progress solely by economic growth (GDP), Bhutan prioritizes the holistic well-being and happiness of its citizens. GNH is based on four pillars:
1. Sustainable and Equitable Socio-Economic Development
2. Conservation of the Environment
3. Preservation and Promotion of Culture
4. Good Governance
This philosophy guides all national policies, from education and health to environmental conservation.
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Culture and Traditions
Bhutanese culture is deeply influenced by Tibetan Buddhism and is fiercely protected.
· Architecture: All buildings, including homes, must be constructed in traditional style with intricate woodwork, sloping roofs, and Buddhist paintings.
· Dress Code: The national dress is mandatory in government offices, schools, and for formal occasions. Men wear the Gho (a knee-length robe tied at the waist), and women wear the Kira (an ankle-length dress).
· Religion: Monasteries (Dzongs) are the center of religious and administrative life. Colorful festivals called Tshechus are held throughout the year, featuring masked dances that convey Buddhist teachings.
· Cuisine: Food is often spicy. The national dish is Ema Datshi, a spicy stew made with chili peppers and cheese.
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Tourism: The "High Value, Low Impact" Policy
Bhutan is not a typical backpacker destination. To preserve its culture and environment, it operates a unique tourism policy.
· Sustainable Development Fee (SDF): With few exceptions, all tourists (except those from India) must pay a Daily Sustainable Development Fee (currently $100 USD per person per night). This fee funds education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
· Tour Packages: Visitors must book their travel through a licensed Bhutanese tour operator. This typically includes accommodation, transport, a guide, meals, and the SDF.
· Indian Nationals: Have a different process but still require permits and may pay a lower SDF.