Helan Mountain rock painting is a series of ancient rock paintings on Helan Mountain in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, distributed on the cliffs and rock surfaces of Helan Shandong. These rock paintings were mainly created from the late Neolithic period to the Han Dynasty, and have been thousands of years old, which is a precious material for studying ancient national culture and art in northern China. The rock paintings are colorful, including characters, animals, hunting, sacrifices, dances and other scenes, reflecting the customs and spiritual world of people at that time. Animal rock paintings are particularly prominent, with a variety of animal images such as horses, deer, cattle, sheep, tigers, birds, etc., of which the images of horses and deer are the most common and vivid. Character rock paintings show the costumes and social activities of ancient people, and some rock paintings also depict natural landscapes such as sun, moon and stars, mountains and rivers. The art style of Helan Mountain Rock painting is varied, the lines are smooth, the image is simple and vivid, showing the superb skills of ancient artists and the deep artistic achievements. Rock paintings are made by chiselling and grinding methods, and the color is mainly derived from mineral pigments. After a long period of wind and rain erosion, they still maintain a distinctive color. As one of the four major rock paintings in China, Helan Mountain rock painting not only has high artistic value, but also is an important physical data for studying the history, religious belief and social life of ancient northern ethnic groups, and is listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in the country. It attracts many scholars and tourists to study and appreciate.