Things to do in Arabet Abeidos

Abydos Egypt

Abydos is the burial place of the head of Osiris, the god of death in Egyptian legend. The ancient Egyptians believed that the pharaohs would become gods after death, so many empty tombs and temples were built here. Now worth seeing here are the Temple of Seti I and the Temple of Ramses II. Temple of Seti I: After many restorations, the monument and temple of Seti I is one of the best preserved temples in Egypt. In addition to Seti I, the building is in the shape of an "L" and is also dedicated to the six gods of Osiris, Isis, Horus, Amon-Ra, Ra-Horakhty and Pta. The Temple of Ramses II: The Temple of Ramses II is located on the north side of the Temple of Seti I. Although it has almost collapsed, the remaining relief decoration is still worth seeing, with an emotional beauty of vicissitudes.

No. 4 of Best Things to Do in Egypt

Valley of the Kings

The Valley of the Kings lies on the west bank of the Nile in Luxor, Egypt, and was the royal resting place of ancient Egypt's New Kingdom. Over nearly five hundred years, from the Eighteenth Dynasty to the Twentieth Dynasty, pharaohs and nobles were buried in tombs cut into the cliffs; more than sixty tombs have been discovered to date, arranged under "KV" numbers, with the royal tombs mainly clustered in the East Valley, while the West Valley is more secluded. The tomb murals are the real highlight here: the corridors and the walls and ceilings of the burial chambers are covered with scenes from religious texts such as the Book of the Dead and the Book of the Underworld, and the pigments remain vivid after more than three thousand years. Tutankhamun's tomb became famous after archaeologist Howard Carter discovered a large trove of burial treasures there in 1922, and the pharaoh's mummy still rests in a temperature-controlled glass display case in the burial chamber; the tomb of Ramesses III is grand in scale with well-preserved painted decoration; the ceiling of the tomb of Ramesses VI depicts the sky goddess Nut stretching across the entire chamber; and the painted corridor of the tomb of Seti I is especially exquisite. Visiting tips: there is almost no shade in the valley, and afternoons are hot, so going in the early morning is more comfortable; a small electric shuttle runs between the entrance and the main cluster of tombs, saving you the walk. Most tomb entrances are inconspicuous openings in the cliffs, lined up along the path; slow down and take note of the hieroglyphs and images of the gods in the murals, and you will notice far more detail. Visitors with plenty of energy can also follow the ridge path up for a panoramic view over the whole valley; the peak of Al-Qurn above, shaped like a natural pyramid, is one of the reasons the ancient Egyptians regarded this valley as a sacred place.

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Luxor Temple

Luxor Temple is located on the east bank of the Nile in the city of Luxor, forming a north-south counterpart to Karnak Temple. It was a worship site built during the New Kingdom period of ancient Egypt for the "Theban Triad"—Amun, Mut, and Khonsu. In ancient Egyptian, it was called the "Southern Sanctuary" and is often referred to as the "Southern Harem of Amun." The main structure of the temple was constructed by Pharaoh Amenhotep III of the 18th Dynasty, while the pylon, forecourt, colossi, and obelisks at the entrance were added by Ramses II. Later pharaohs like Tutankhamun continued to add reliefs, and during the time of Alexander the Great, the rear sanctuary was rebuilt. A single temple thus layers over a thousand years of construction history. At the entrance still stands a granite obelisk of Ramses II, while its paired counterpart crossed the ocean as early as the 19th century and now stands in Paris's Place de la Concorde. The seated statue of the pharaoh in front of the pylon, the grand colonnade, and the sun court of Amenhotep III unfold layer by layer. The reliefs on the colonnade walls vividly depict the procession of the Opet Festival—during the Nile flood season in ancient Egypt, the statue of Amun was ceremoniously transported from Karnak Temple to here. The avenue of sphinxes in front of the temple gate was precisely the sacred path for this ritual. After years of archaeological restoration, this nearly three km-long avenue has been reconnected, and today, visitors can walk the round-trip route between this temple and Karnak Temple. In one corner of the temple stands a still-functioning mosque built atop the ancient pillars, sharing the same courtyard with the pharaonic-era pylon. When illuminated at night, the pillars, colossi, and minaret form a highly recognizable nightscape in Luxor.

Temple of Abidos

No. 6 of Best Things to Do in Egypt

Karnak

Karnak is located in Luxor on the east bank of the Nile. It is a massive ancient Egyptian temple complex and the core religious area of the ancient city of Thebes. Construction of the entire complex began during the Middle Kingdom (around 2000 BC) and continued through the New Kingdom and into the Ptolemaic period. About thirty pharaohs successively participated in its expansion and decoration, with construction lasting nearly two thousand years—an exceptionally long building period rarely seen in ancient human architecture. The complex is divided by enclosure walls into several main areas, of which the larger and better-preserved part is dedicated to Amun-Ra, the chief of the Theban gods; the northern area is dedicated to the war god Montu, and the southern area to the goddess Mut—companion of Amun-Ra, symbolized by the vulture. Numerous small temples and chapels are also scattered among the areas. Lining the processional way leading to the temple pylons are ram-headed sphinx statues; this ceremonial road once extended all the way to Luxor Temple to the south, a total distance of about 3 km, and was an important religious processional route in ancient Thebes. The core structure of the temple is the Hypostyle Hall, covering several thousand square meters and supported by more than a hundred massive stone columns, with the central colonnade reaching over twenty meters in height, its shafts covered with reliefs and painted decoration. Light enters the hall through high windows, falling among the dense forest of columns and creating a solemn and deeply atmospheric sense of space—one of the most impressive sights of Karnak. The complex also contains a large obelisk erected by Queen Hatshepsut and a sacred lake used for ritual purification. Many murals, reliefs, and statues record the military campaigns and ritual scenes of successive pharaohs, making them important physical materials for understanding ancient Egyptian religion and royal culture. Due to their great age, as well as human and natural erosion, many parts of the temple were once severely damaged. Through long-term archaeological excavation and restoration, large numbers of stone elements have been repositioned and reassembled, revealing the appearance seen today. When visiting, you can enter through the massive pylon at the entrance and follow the central axis past the Hypostyle Hall, the obelisk, and the sacred lake in turn, taking note of the well-preserved painted reliefs on the column capitals and walls.

No. 13 of Best Things to Do in Egypt

Philae Temple

Philae Temple is dedicated to the goddess of love, Isis. Philae was originally a small island in the Nile River south of the Aswan Dam, where the temple was first built. After the completion of the Aswan Low Dam in 1902, Philae Island would be flooded during the flood season, and travelers arriving by boat could only see the temple gates and stone columns protruding above the water. The temple walls preserve numerous hieroglyphic inscriptions and vivid reliefs, primarily worshiping Isis, while deities like Hathor also received offerings here. Legend says Isis possessed ten thousand names; she governed fertility and was also the protector of the people, widely revered in ancient Egypt.

No. 5 of Cool Water Escapes in Egypt

Agilkia Island

Agilkia Island is an island in the Nile, located in Lake Nasser south of Aswan. The island is home to thePhilae Temple complex, which was relocated in its entirety from thePhilae Templesite. Between 1977 and 1980, the complex was dismantled stone by stone, numbered, and reconstructed here. To accommodate the temple, the island itself was leveled and reshaped to replicate the original terrain of thePhilae Templeas closely as possible. Visitors must take a boat from Aswan, and the short journey on the Nile is an experience in itself. The sound and light show held on the island in the evening uses lighting and narration to tell the myth of Isis and Osiris, and the silhouette of the temple against the night sky creates a unique atmosphere.

No. 15 of Best Things to Do in Egypt

Colossi of Memnon

Colossi of Memnon are two massive quartzite statues standing on the plain on the west bank of the Nile. They were commissioned by Pharaoh Amenhotep III of the Eighteenth Dynasty during the New Kingdom period and originally served as the entrance guardians for the first pylon of his mortuary temple. Including their bases, the two statues are approx. 18m tall, stand approx. 15m apart, and face east toward the Nile. Smaller figures of Queen Tiye and the pharaoh's mother, Mutemwiya, are carved on the thrones beside the statues' legs. The sides of the bases feature reliefs of the Nile god Hapi, who holds lotus and papyrus plants to symbolize the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Both statues are heavily weathered, making their faces and upper bodies difficult to identify. The southern statue is carved from a single block of quartzite. The northern statue was severely damaged in an earthquake in 27 BC and was later repaired by the Romans using sandstone; its upper section is built from five layers of stone, which makes it look noticeably different from the southern statue. After the northern statue was damaged, a phenomenon occurred where the colossus would emit a sound resembling string music or whistling at dawn. Ancient Greek and Roman tourists flocked to listen and carved inscriptions on the base. Many of these inscriptions mentioned the Greek mythological hero Memnon, which is how the colossi got their name. Roman Emperor Septimius Severus later repaired the upper part of the statue, and the sound ceased to occur after that. Today, visitors can still see those Greek and Latin inscriptions from the Roman era on the base and experience the traces left by travelers from two thousand years ago.

No. 18 of Best Things to Do in Egypt

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis was the capital of ancient Egypt during the Middle and New Kingdoms, spanning the east and west banks of the Nile. The east bank features two religious complexes,Karnak and Luxor Temple, while the west bank is home to pharaonic tomb areas such as the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens, as well as several mortuary temples, together forming a vast complex of ancient ruins. Karnak, located on the east bank of the Nile, is the core complex of the site. The Great Hypostyle Hall features densely packed giant stone columns covered in reliefs and hieroglyphic inscriptions. The temple also preserves towering obelisks and a sacred lake. An avenue lined with ram-headed sphinxes once connected it toLuxor Templein the south. On the west bank, the Valley of the Kings is hidden within barren hills and canyons, where pharaohs of the New Kingdom carved their tombs into the mountains, with walls adorned in vibrant religious murals and depictions of the afterlife. TheMortuary Temple of Hatshepsutwas built against the cliffs of Deir el-Bahari, with three terraced levels rising in succession, blending into the steep rock face behind it and presenting a rare terraced layout in ancient Egyptian architecture. When visiting, you can arrange your itinerary by the east and west banks separately; the east bank is primarily for temple complexes, while the west bank focuses on tombs and mortuary temples.

Osireion