Check in at Shandong Museum to explore the ancient Dongyi states that once appeared in history
On the land of Qilu, there once were a group of ancient Dongyi states. These small states and tribal civilizations lasted through the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, were conquered by Qi and Lu, and then faded into the dust of history.
Seeing this historical exhibition at Shandong Museum reveals that the coastal area of Shandong also experienced a process of civilization and cultural integration. Almost every town has its own distant historical traces.
✅ About the ancient Dongyi states
Shandong is the birthplace of Dongyi culture. Historically, many ancient Dongyi states existed here. Most of these states were founded by Dongyi tribes (such as descendants of Shaohao and Chiyou). They were active throughout Shandong during the Xia, Shang, and Zhou periods, later mostly annexed by the states of Qi and Lu, and eventually integrated into Huaxia civilization.
📌 State of Ni (Xiao Zhu state)
Historical background: Originally the Dongyi "Er state" during the Xia and Shang periods. During the reign of King Xuan of the Western Zhou (798 BC), Zhu Yi’s second son Youfu (Zhu Fei) was enfeoffed in the former territory of the Er state, establishing the Ni state (often mistakenly called "Xiao Zhu state" or "Xiao Zhu Lou" because of its origin from Zhu state). It lasted about 537 years, spanning 15 generations, and was destroyed by the state of Chu in 261 BC.
Location: Mainly in present-day Tengzhou, Shandong (early capital near Liangshui east of Tengcheng) and Shanting (mid to late capital at "Dongji").
📌 State of Ju
Historical background: Descended from the Dongyi Shaohao tribe, officially enfeoffed by the Zhou royal family in the early Western Zhou period (1046 BC) with Ziyuqi as ruler of Ju. The initial capital was Ji (now Jiaozhou), later moved to Ju (now Ju County). During the Spring and Autumn period, Ju was a strong eastern state, rivaling Qi and Lu, before being annexed by Qi in 412 BC.
Location: Mainly in present-day Ju County, Jiaozhou, and southeastern Shandong.
📌 State of Lai (Donglai)
Historical background: Founded by the Dongyi Lai tribe, its center before the Zhou dynasty was around present-day Changle and Linqu in Weifang, extending east to the coastal area of Huang County. Early Zhou period saw Lai competing with the newly enfeoffed Qi state (led by Jiang Taigong) for Yingqiu. Lai was defeated by Qi during the Spring and Autumn period, and the Duke of Lai was forced to move the capital to Huang County (Donglai). Lai was fully annexed by Qi in 567 BC.
Location: Mainly in the northern Shandong Peninsula (Weifang, Yantai area).
📌 State of Xu (Xufang/Huaiyi)
Historical background: A branch of the Dongyi Huaiyi tribe, existing since the Xia and Shang periods. Enfeoffed in the early Western Zhou, initially with the capital at Tancheng (now Tancheng, Shandong), later moved to Xuzhou and Sixian. Xu was strong during the Spring and Autumn period under King Xu Yan but was eventually destroyed by Chu.
Location: Mainly in southern Shandong (Tancheng) and northern Jiangsu and Anhui.
📌 State of Yun
Historical background: An ancient Dongyi tribal state from early Zhou times. Its capital was attacked and captured by Lu forces in 542 BC.
Location: Mainly around Nanfang Town, Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong.
📌 Other ancient Dongyi states
Zhu state: An ancient Dongyi state, initially with its capital at Qufu, later moved to Zoucheng. It was a vassal of Lu and later divided into Ni, Lan, and other states.
Lan state: One of the three states divided from Zhu, with its capital at Yangzhuang Tucheng, Tengzhou.
Ji, Pi, Tan, Qi, and others: All ancient Dongyi states that once existed in Shandong, later successively annexed by the major states of Qi, Lu, and Chu.
✅ Check in to the museum’s Dongyi culture
📌 East of Huaxia — Dongyi culture exhibition from the Xia, Shang, and Zhou periods
Location: 3rd floor, Exhibition Hall 15-1
Highlights: Over 110 artifacts including pottery, bronze, and bone and horn tools systematically trace the Dongyi culture’s journey from coexistence with Huaxia to integration into Huaxia civilization.
Key exhibits: Include ritual vessels from the Yueshi culture shaped like zun, boats, and mushroom-shaped lids, as well as pottery from the Pearl Gate culture of the Shang and Zhou periods, showcasing the fusion of Dongyi and Central Plains cultures.
📌 Ju culture special exhibition
Location: 1st floor, Exhibition Hall 3
Highlights: Focuses on the ancient Dongyi state of Ju, displaying over 240 artifacts such as inscribed pottery zun and bronze ritual vessels, illustrating Ju’s interaction with Qi and Lu cultures and the spirit behind "Never forget Ju."
📌 Dialogue with the eggshell black pottery high-stem cup
Location: 3rd floor, Exhibition Hall 15-2
Highlights: Centered on the eggshell black pottery high-stem cup, compared with Majiayao painted pottery, demonstrating the peak of Dongyi pottery craftsmanship and revealing the unique aesthetics and technical achievements of Dongyi culture.
✅ Check-in tips
📌 Opening hours:
Tuesday to Sunday, 9:00 AM–5:00 PM, last entry at 4:00 PM. Closed on Mondays (except public holidays).
📌 Reservation:
Book in advance via the Shandong Museum WeChat official account or website. It is recommended to reserve 3–5 days ahead, earlier during holidays.
📌 Guided tours:
Guidebooks are available at the first-floor service desk, or you can rent an audio guide. Some exhibition halls offer interactive experiences.