An In-Depth Travelogue of Yiwu Town: Tracing the Tea Horse Road and a Millennium of History in Century-Old Ancient Tree Tea.
I. Prologue: The Hidden Tea Sanctuary at 21° North Latitude, Holding Half the History of Pu'er Tea
When the car drives out of Jinghong, the capital of Xishuangbanna Prefecture, and travels 110 kilometers northeast along the winding mountain road, the altitude gradually climbs to about 1,300 meters. The dry heat in the air slowly fades away, replaced by the moist, fresh scent of vegetation and a faint fragrance of tea—this is Yiwu Town, an ancient town gently preserved by time, and the very root of Pu'er tea culture.
Yiwu, meaning "the place where the beautiful snake lives" in the Dai language, is located in the northern part of Mengla County, close to the Sino-Lao border. It is the head of the Six Ancient Tea Mountains and the source of the Yunnan-Tibet Tea Horse Road Mengla County People's Government. There is no hustle and bustle of Dali here, nor the commercialization of Lijiang. Yet, as the "First Town of Tribute Tea," it has left a heavy and colorful mark in the history of Pu'er tea development. From becoming a tribute tea producing area during the Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, to the gathering of merchants and streets crowded with mules and horses during the Daoguang reign, and now becoming a pilgrimage site for tea lovers worldwide, every inch of land and every tea leaf in Yiwu is engraved with a millennium of history and culture.
For this trip to Yiwu, I didn't just take a fleeting glance. Instead, I spent five full days diving deep into the ancient town's streets and alleys, hiking the Tea Horse Road, visiting century-old ancient tea gardens, and experiencing the intangible cultural heritage of tea-making craftsmanship. Amidst the interwoven tea fragrance and hoofprints, I read into the past and present of Yiwu. This is not just a tour, but a spiritual practice of conversing with history, integrating with nature, and deeply resonating with tea culture.
II. Yiwu Ancient Town: A Century of Prosperity on Bluestone Slabs, Lingering Tea Charm Deep in the Old Street
(I) First Encounter with Yiwu: A Historical Town Wrapped in Tea Fragrance
It was already afternoon when I arrived in Yiwu Town. Parking the car at the entrance of the ancient town, the first thing that caught my eye was a stone tablet engraved with "Yiwu Historical and Cultural Town." In 2007, Yiwu was listed as a provincial-level historical and cultural town by the Yunnan Provincial Government. This honor is the best testimony to its millennium-long tea history Mengla County People's Government.
Walking into the ancient town, there are no bustling tourists, only bluestone paved roads extending under your feet, polished warm and smooth by time. On every stone slab, hoofprints of varying depths are clearly visible—those are the traces left by the tea-carrying caravans a century ago, and the silent proof of Yiwu as the starting point of the Tea Horse Road. On both sides of the street are well-preserved buildings from the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. The brick-and-wood old houses, carved wooden doors, and mottled brick walls all exude a primitive charm, blending with the surrounding green hills and clear waters, as if time had pressed the pause button here.
Yiwu Ancient Town is not large, with a core area of only 37.9297 hectares, but it hides countless stories Mengla County People's Government. It was once the seat of the Zhenyue County government and the trading and distribution center for Pu'er tea. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, dozens of time-honored tea shops stood in great numbers, such as Tongxing Hao, Tongqing Hao, Cheshun Hao, and Fuyuanchang. Each name represents a glorious history of the tea industry Mengla County People's Government. Today, the former sites of these old tea shops still stand on the old street. Some have been transformed into teahouses, while others have become museums. Pushing open those heavy wooden doors, it feels as if you can travel back a century, hearing the shouts of merchants, the ringing of caravan bells, and the laughter of tea farmers.
(II) Yiwu Old Street: Every Step is a Scene, All About Tea History
Yiwu Old Street is the core of the ancient town and the central display area for tea culture. The entire old street is about 1 kilometer long, running through with a bluestone path, and the buildings on both sides are built along the slope, scattered in a picturesque way. Strolling down the old street, you don't need to deliberately look for attractions; every step is a scenery, and every place is history.
1. Chinese Pu'er Tea Six Ancient Tea Mountains Tea Culture Museum: Understanding Yiwu's Millennium Tea History
When coming to Yiwu, the first stop must be the Chinese Pu'er Tea Six Ancient Tea Mountains Tea Culture Museum. It is located right in the center of the old street and is an "encyclopedia" for understanding Yiwu tea culture Mengla County People's Government.
The exterior of the museum features a typical Southern Yunnan residential style, with white walls and gray tiles, looking simple and grand. Walking into the museum, 548 precious cultural relics are quietly displayed. From tea case steles and tea mountain licenses in the Qing Dynasty, to caravan contracts of the Tea Horse Road and old tea shop abacuses in the Republic of China, and further to tea-making tools and tea specimens from various periods, they completely record the rise and fall of the tea industry in the Six Ancient Tea Mountains.
One of the museum's greatest treasures is the "Mansa Tea Mountain License" stele from the fifty-fourth year of the Qianlong reign (1789). Issued by the Cheli Pacification Commissioner's Office, this stone tablet regulated the order of tea planting, making, and selling among the Han and Yi masses in Yiwu. It is an important document for studying the economy and laws of Pu'er tea. Another "Tea Case Stele" from the eighteenth year of the Daoguang reign (1838) records the history of the tea tax system and tea merchants' rights protection in the Qing Dynasty. Every word carries the struggle and perseverance of Yiwu tea people.
The second floor of the museum is the century-old tea shop exhibition hall. It restores the scenes of time-honored tea shops like Tongxing Hao, Fuyuanchang, and Cheshun Hao. The yellowed account books, quaint tea caddies, and exquisite tea sets seem to show people the busy trading scenes in the tea shops back then Ctrip. The most moving item is the "Ruigong Tianchao" (Tribute to the Heavenly Court) plaque (replica) of Cheshun Hao. It engraves the glory of Cheshun Hao Tea Shop presenting tribute tea to Emperor Daoguang, and highlights the revered status of Yiwu tea in the Qing court.
After visiting the museum, I sat down at the tea shed at the entrance, ordered a cup of mint herbal tea and a serving of fire-pit roasted tea, paired with brown sugar glutinous rice cakes, and slowly digested Yiwu's profound history in the tea fragrance and gentle breeze Ctrip.
2. Former Sites of Century-Old Tea Shops: Touching the Soul of Yiwu Tea
Scattered on both sides of Yiwu Old Street are the former sites of several century-old tea shops, each worth exploring in detail.
Cheshun Hao: As one of the most famous time-honored brands in Yiwu, the former site of Cheshun Hao is in a prominent location on the old street. Pushing open the carved wooden door, the courtyard features a typical Southern Yunnan quadrangle layout, with tea trees planted in the patio, exuding a rich tea fragrance. It still retains the traditional tea-making workshop, where master craftsmen use ancient methods to make Pu'er tea. From picking, withering, green-killing, rolling, to sun-drying and pressing into cakes, every process is meticulous. Here, you can taste Cheshun Hao's classic tribute tea. The tea soup is golden and translucent, smooth and sweet in the mouth, with a unique honey aroma. It truly deserves the title of the "Number One Tribute Tea" Mengla County People's Government.
Fuyuanchang Hao: Founded in the Guangxu reign, Fuyuanchang Hao is an outstanding representative among Yiwu's "time-honored brands." A complete old tea warehouse is preserved on the former site, piled with century-old tea, filling the air with an aged aroma. The boss will warmly invite you to taste tea and tell the history of Fuyuanchang Hao, from the Tea Horse Road trade back then to the inheritance and innovation today, giving you a deeper understanding of Yiwu tea Mengla County People's Government.
Tongqing Hao: The former site of Tongqing Hao is equally quaint and elegant. Here, you can not only taste tea but also see the traditional Pu'er tea pressing process. Stone mills, tea molds, and cotton paper—every tool carries the marks of time. Touching these tools with your own hands makes you feel the focus and ingenuity of the tea makers making tea cakes a century ago Mengla County People's Government.
Besides these three, the former sites of tea shops like Tongxing Hao, Qianlizhen Hao, and Songpin Hao are also scattered throughout the old street. Some are open to the public, while others are private teahouses. No matter which one it is, it can let you feel the soul and warmth of Yiwu tea Mengla County People's Government.
3. Shiping Guild Hall and Guandi Temple: The Integration of Multi-Ethnic Cultures
The history of Yiwu is not only the history of tea, but also the history of multi-ethnic cultural integration. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, a large number of Shiping people "came for the tea mountains," bringing Central Plains culture and flower lantern culture to Yiwu, which collided and integrated with the local Dai, Yi, and Hani cultures, forming a unique Yiwu culture.
Shiping Guild Hall is the witness to this history. Located in the middle of the old street, the guild hall was the place where Shiping merchants gathered and discussed business back then. The architectural style blends Central Plains and Southern Yunnan characteristics, with carved beams and painted rafters, looking magnificent. The hall displays the entrepreneurial history of Shiping merchants in Yiwu, as well as cultural relics related to Yiwu flower lanterns, letting you understand the diversity of Yiwu culture.
Guandi Temple is the spiritual symbol of Yiwu Ancient Town. Built in the Qing Dynasty, it is a place for local people to worship Lord Guan and pray for peace. The temple architecture is simple, and the incense is prosperous. During festivals, people of all ethnic groups in the local area will come to worship, reflecting the harmonious coexistence of multiple ethnic groups in Yiwu Mengla County People's Government.
(III) Yiwu Crossroads Street: The Daily Life of the Tea Town Amidst Earthly Fireworks
If the old street is the history of Yiwu, then the Crossroads Street is its daily life. Located in the center of the ancient town, the Crossroads Street is the core area of local residents' lives. There are not too many tourists here, only a full atmosphere of earthly fireworks.
The early morning Crossroads Street is the liveliest. Local tea farmers and vendors come here early to set up fresh tea leaves, wild vegetables, fruits, and various Dai-flavored snacks. You can drink a bowl of steaming chicken soup rice noodles here, paired with a crispy deep-fried dough stick, to start a day full of vitality Ctrip. You can also chat with local tea farmers, listen to them tell stories about the tea mountains, and learn about the growth and picking of tea leaves.
In the afternoon, the Crossroads Street gradually quiets down. Elderly people sit on bamboo chairs at the door, basking in the sun, drinking tea, and chatting about family affairs; children chase and play in the streets and alleys with crisp laughter; in the tea shops, tea lovers sit around, tasting and discussing tea, with tea fragrance curling up. This slow-paced life makes people forget the noise of the city and feel the unique tranquility and beauty of the tea town.
The Crossroads Street at night has a special flavor. The lanterns on both sides of the old street light up, and the warm yellow light spills on the bluestone road, creating a cozy atmosphere. You can find a teahouse, order a pot of century-old ancient tree tea, listen to the boss tell the legendary stories of the caravans, or participate in a local tea gathering to communicate with tea lovers from all over the world, spending a pleasant evening immersed in the fragrance of tea Ctrip.
III. Tea Horse Road: Hiking the Millennium Trade Route, Chasing the Footsteps of the Caravans
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