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National Museum of the Marine Corps

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No. 1 of Best Things to Do in Washington D.C.

Washington Monument

The Washington Monument stands in the center of the National Mall. Built to commemorate George Washington, the first president of the United States, it is an obelisk approximately 169 meters tall, standing out prominently in the predominantly low-rise urban landscape of Washington, D.C. Construction began in 1848, but was halted for over twenty years due to funding shortages. The federal government then took over the project, and construction was finally completed in 1884. Because the two sections of stone were sourced from different periods and locations, their varying degrees of weathering have resulted in a distinct color dividing line on the monument, a clear marker of this turbulent construction history. The monument is entirely simple, devoid of elaborate carvings, and tapers to a four-sided pyramidal apex at the top. The tower is hollow inside, with nearly two hundred commemorative stones embedded in its inner walls, donated by various states, cities, organizations, and countries across the United States. One particularly special stone is a Chinese inscription donated by a person from Ningbo during the Qing Dynasty. The inscription is taken from a passage praising Washington in *Yinghuan Zhilue*, a work by Xu Jiyu, a renowned official of the late Qing Dynasty, and is the only Chinese inscription among these commemorative stones. Inside the tower, there are nearly nine hundred spiral steps, but these are not open to visitors. The only way to reach the top is by elevator, which takes about 70 seconds to reach the observation deck at a height of approximately 150 meters. While downhill ride the elevator, pay attention to the commemorative stones flashing by on the inner walls. The observation deck has two viewing windows in each of the four directions: east to the U.S. Capitol Building, west to the Lincoln Memorial, south to the Jefferson Memorial and the Tidal Basin, and north to the White House. Daily access to the tower is limited, so advance reservations are recommended.

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National Mall

The National Mall is a green park in the center of Washington D.C., stretching approx. 3 km east to west, extending from the Lincoln Memorial in the west to the United States Capitol in the east, and is often called America's Front Yard. This rectangular area is lined with numerous Smithsonian museums, as well as cultural institutions such as the National Gallery of Art and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The most iconic structure on the mall is the Washington Monument, standing in the center. To the west of the monument, a long reflecting pool leads to the Lincoln Memorial, and to the east is the dome of the United States Capitol. The World War II Memorial, the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial, and many other commemorative facilities are scattered throughout, which, together with hundreds of monuments and sculptures in the surrounding area, form a memorial axis that encapsulates the historical memory of the United States.

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United States Capitol

United States Capitol is an iconic building in Washington D.C. The iconic cast-iron dome was designed by architect Thomas U. Walter, and is topped by the bronze Statue of Freedom created by Thomas Crawford. The entire building features a neoclassical style. Its core interior spaces include the Rotunda, the Crypt, and the National Statuary Hall. The Rotunda is located directly beneath the dome. At the center of the dome is the fresco "The Apotheosis of Washington," painted by Italian-born artist Constantino Brumidi in 1865. The painting hangs approx. 55 m above the floor, featuring a grand composition of allegorical figures surrounding George Washington. Above the walls of the hall is a "Frieze of American History," which depicts important historical scenes in a continuous sequence, from Columbus's arrival in America to the Wright brothers' first flight. Directly beneath the Rotunda is the Crypt, which displays a portion of the statue collection from various states. Next is the National Statuary Hall, a semicircular hall that once served as the meeting place for the House of Representatives. Its curved ceiling once caused a significant whispering gallery effect, where a whisper on one side could be clearly heard on the other, though this was later reduced through renovations. Today, the hall displays statues of historical figures contributed by each state. The entire collection consists of two statues per state, but as they are distributed throughout the building, only a portion is displayed here. The visitor entrance is located at The U.S. Capitol Visitor Center. Emancipation Hall, located within, displays the original plaster model of the Statue of Freedom, and the exhibition hall features interactive exhibits that tell the history of Congress and the building.

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The White House

The White House is the office and residence of every U.S. president, and since John Adams became its first resident in 1800, the building has been closely linked to the executive power of the United States. It was designed by Irish-born architect James Hoban in a neoclassical style, partially inspired by Leinster House in Dublin. The first president, Washington, personally participated in the selection of the architectural design and chose the final plan. The exterior walls were built of sandstone, and in 1798, craftsmen applied a lime-based white wash to the exterior walls to protect the porous sandstone from moisture erosion. During the conflict between Britain and the United States in 1814, British troops set fire to the interior of the building, leaving only the exterior walls standing, and post-war reconstruction began immediately. Today, the complex includes the main building, the West Wing, and the East Wing, with the Oval Office located in the West Wing. The building features an Ionic portico on the north side and a semicircular portico on the south side. It has a representative long-standing tradition of public tours — a tradition that began during the term of the third president, Jefferson, and has continued ever since, except during special periods such as wars. Visitors can enter the East Wing and some of the state floors.

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