The Hagia Sophia was under renovation both inside and out, so taking photos was a bit of a disappointment. The visitor entrance is on the right side of the main gate, and you need to wear a headscarf to enter. We bought our skip-the-line tickets in advance, and although it was Saturday, the lines weren't long. I only spent two hours at the three attractions in total. Although we arrived late, we were able to enter the Hagia Sophia, the Basilica Cistern, and the Blue Mosque smoothly.
The Hagia Sophia and the Basilica Cistern are both over 1500 years old. The interior of the Hagia Sophia is weathered by history. Under the same dome, a thousand years ago, Greek chants filled the air, then Latin hymns, and now Arabic calls to prayer—the sounds have changed, but the devout faith in the divine and the spiritual cleansing and awe remain the same. It is a pinnacle of Byzantine architecture and a living fossil of the overlap of Christian and Islamic civilizations. In the past 1500 years, it has undergone four transformations: church—mosque—museum—mosque—and back to mosque. The core architectural marvel is the central dome, approximately 31 meters in diameter and 55.6 meters high, supported by pendentives on a square base. For nearly a thousand years, it was the world's largest cathedral. A single building, layered with Byzantine domes, Ottoman minarets, Kemal Atatürk's secularism, and Erdogan's re-Islamization—this is Hagia Sophia's most unique historical value. While exploring the interior, the wooden windows reminded me of cave dwellings on the Loess Plateau. Even the cathedral's entrances felt like entering a cave, the walls undecorated, just earthen caves. Only the intricate murals on the interior dome hinted at its splendor a thousand years ago.